Predicting the cognitive correlates of sun protective behaviour : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University

Previous research has explored the cognitive correlates of sun protective behaviour and has found that intention to use skin protection is likely to affect an individuals decision to use such behaviour. Other research has used social cognition models such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour to predict the use of sun protective behaviours with mixed results. The present study examined sun protective behaviour on beaches in New Zealand (n=80) and used a modified version of the Jones, Abraham, Harris, Schulz & Chrispin (1998) model of sun protective behaviour to predict sunscreen use. This modified version of the model contained variables from social cognition models, including the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Stage models of Health Behaviour such as that of Gollwitzer (1993). Knowledge, norms, threat likelihood, perceived threat, self-efficacy and motivation to prevent negative effects of sun exposure together accounted for 36.5% of the variance in intention to use sunscreen. The findings also suggest that motivation to prevent negative effects of sun exposure and threat likelihood consistently have the strongest correlational relationship (of all the prior cognitions) with both intention and sunscreen behaviour. A measure of planning did not mediate the effects of intentions on sunscreen use as was originally expected, rather, intentions had the largest effect on sunscreen use. It is reasonable to assume that planning may not always be necessary for the prediction of sunscreen behaviours. It was concluded that a modified version of the sun protective behaviour model may be useful in predicting such behaviours but refinement is required of the model and its measures. Implications for further research and model modification are noted

Patient as teacher sessions contextualize learning, enhancing knowledge, communication, and participation of pharmacy students in the United Kingdom

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Patient As Teacher (PAT) sessions on the knowledge, communication skills, and participation of pharmacy students in the United Kingdom. Methods: During the academic year 2019-2020, year 1 and 2 pharmacy students at the University of Central Lancashire were invited to complete a questionnaire following PAT sessions. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation (SD) for: continuous variables and reliability analysis. Pearson’s Chi-Square or Fisher Exact Test, odds ratio, and Phi were used for analyzing dichotomous variables. Thematic analysis was used for free text comments. Results: Sixty eight of 228 students participated, (response rate of 29.8%). No statistical difference was found between gender (p=0.090); a statistically significant difference was found between year (p=0.008). Cronbach's alpha (0.809) confirmed a good internal consistency. 97.0% of the students learned a lot, and 85.3% appreciated and valued the PAT sessions; 89.7% wanted more sessions. 92.7% perceived the sessions to contextualize their learning. Five questions were dichotomized by grouping the responses into negative and positive; 90.3% of responses were positive and did not show statistically significant differences in gender and year of study. Overall students’ free text comments were positive, but active listening and consultation appeared in the positive and negative domains, highlighting the need for more student engagement. Conclusions: PAT sessions had a positive impact on students’ knowledge, communication skills, and participation, and contextualized learning. They provide a valuable contribution to the pharmcy students’ experience in the United Kingdom

The genomic diversification of grapevine clones.

BACKGROUND:Vegetatively propagated clones accumulate somatic mutations. The purpose of this study was to better appreciate clone diversity and involved defining the nature of somatic mutations throughout the genome. Fifteen Zinfandel winegrape clone genomes were sequenced and compared to one another using a highly contiguous genome reference produced from one of the clones, Zinfandel 03. RESULTS:Though most heterozygous variants were shared, somatic mutations accumulated in individual and subsets of clones. Overall, heterozygous mutations were most frequent in intergenic space and more frequent in introns than exons. A significantly larger percentage of CpG, CHG, and CHH sites in repetitive intergenic space experienced transition mutations than in genic and non-repetitive intergenic spaces, likely because of higher levels of methylation in the region and because methylated cytosines often spontaneously deaminate. Of the minority of mutations that occurred in exons, larger proportions of these were putatively deleterious when they occurred in relatively few clones. CONCLUSIONS:These data support three major conclusions. First, repetitive intergenic space is a major driver of clone genome diversification. Second, clones accumulate putatively deleterious mutations. Third, the data suggest selection against deleterious variants in coding regions or some mechanism by which mutations are less frequent in coding than noncoding regions of the genome

Use of Mobile Learning by Resident Physicians in Botswana

With the growth of mobile health in recent years, learning through the use of mobile devices (mobile learning [mLearning]) has gained recognition as a potential method for increasing healthcare providers\u27 access to medical information and resources in resource-limited settings. In partnership with the University of Botswana School of Medicine (SOM), we have been exploring the role of smartphone-based mLearning with resident (physicians in specialty training) education. The SOM, which admitted its first class of medical students and residents in 2009, is committed to providing high-level on-site educational resources for resident physicians, even when practicing in remote locations. Seven residents were trained to use an Android-based myTouch 3G smartphone equipped with data-enabled subscriber identity module (SIM) cards and built-in camera. Phones contained locally loaded point-of-care and drug information applications, a telemedicine application that allows for the submission of cases to local mentors, and e-mail/Web access. Surveys were administered at 4 weeks and 8 weeks following distribution of phones. We found that smartphones loaded with point-of-care tools are effectively utilized by resident physicians in resource-limited settings, both for accessing point-of-care medical information at the bedside and engaging in self-directed learning at home

Dimensionality, ideology and party positions towards European integration

<p>The rise of political contestation over European integration has led many scholars to examine the role that broader ideological positions play in structuring party attitudes towards European integration. This article extends the existing approaches in two important ways. First, it shows that whether the dimensionality of politics is imagined in a one-dimensional ‘general left‒right’ form or a two-dimensional ‘economic left‒right/social liberal-conservative’ form leads to very different understandings of the way ideology has structured attitudes towards European integration, with the two-dimensional approach offering greater explanatory power. Second, existing approaches have modelled the influence of ideology on attitudes towards European integration as a static process. This article shows that the relationship between ideology and European integration has changed substantially over the history of European integration: divisions over social issues have replaced economic concerns as the main driver of party attitudes towards European integration.</p

Evidence of predation on aquatic vertebrates by serval in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

The serval (Leptailurus serval, Schreber 1776) occurs widely in sub‐Saharan Africa, though is absent from Congo Basin equatorial forest and from highly arid regions of North and South West of the continent. Preferred habitats include grassland and savannah woodland mosaics, frequently associated with rivers, wetlands and flood‐plains. The serval is a specialist rodentivore with rodents, particularly Murids, usually making up between 80% and 90% of their diet across much the species range. They also feed on shrews (Crocidura and Myosorex spp), small birds, amphibians, insects and small reptiles. There are occasional records of servals hunting young of small antelope, ground (Xerus spp) and tree squirrels (Paraxerus spp), larger ground and wading birds (e.g. flamingo, Phoeniconaias spp), hares (Lepus spp), springhares (Pedetes capensis), cane rats (Thryonomys spp), aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates and small carnivores. Grass culms, leaves and fruit are sometimes consumed. Here we present evidence of predation on larger aquatic vertebrates by serval in the Okavango Delta, Botswana.Robertson Foundationhttps://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/aje2021-12-31hj2021Mammal Research InstituteZoology and Entomolog

Non-global logarithms and jet algorithms in high-pT jet shapes

We consider jet-shape observables of the type proposed recently, where the shapes of one or more high-pT jets, produced in a multi-jet event with definite jet multiplicity, may be measured leaving other jets in the event unmeasured. We point out the structure of the full next-to-leading logarithmic resummation specifically including resummation of non-global logarithms in the leading-Nc limit and emphasising their properties. We also point out differences between jet algorithms in the context of soft gluon resummation for such observables.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures. Title and a few words changed. Several typos corrected. Version accepted by JHE

CHAIMELEON Project: Creation of a Pan-European Repository of Health Imaging Data for the Development of AI-Powered Cancer Management Tools

[EN] The CHAIMELEON project aims to set up a pan-European repository of health imaging data, tools and methodologies, with the ambition to set a standard and provide resources for future AI experimentation for cancer management. The project is a 4 year long, EU-funded project tackling some of the most ambitious research in the fields of biomedical imaging, artificial intelligence and cancer treatment, addressing the four types of cancer that currently have the highest prevalence worldwide: lung, breast, prostate and colorectal. To allow this, clinical partners and external collaborators will populate the repository with multimodality (MR, CT, PET/CT) imaging and related clinical data. Subsequently, AI developers will enable a multimodal analytical data engine facilitating the interpretation, extraction and exploitation of the information stored at the repository. The development and implementation of AI-powered pipelines will enable advancement towards automating data deidentification, curation, annotation, integrity securing and image harmonization. By the end of the project, the usability and performance of the repository as a tool fostering AI experimentation will be technically validated, including a validation subphase by world-class European AI developers, participating in Open Challenges to the AI Community. Upon successful validation of the repository, a set of selected AI tools will undergo early in-silico validation in observational clinical studies coordinated by leading experts in the partner hospitals. Tool performance will be assessed, including external independent validation on hallmark clinical decisions in response to some of the currently most important clinical end points in cancer. The project brings together a consortium of 18 European partners including hospitals, universities, R & D centers and private research companies, constituting an ecosystem of infrastructures, biobanks, AI/in-silico experimentation and cloud computing technologies in oncology.CHAIMELEON has been funded by as a Horizon 2020 project (RIA, topic DT-TDS-05-2020-AI for Health Imaging; call SC1-FA-DTS-2019-1, under Grant Agreement No. 952172)Martí Bonmatí, L.; Miguel, A.; Suárez, A.; Aznar, M.; Beregi, JP.; Fournier, L.; Neri, E.... (2022). CHAIMELEON Project: Creation of a Pan-European Repository of Health Imaging Data for the Development of AI-Powered Cancer Management Tools. Frontiers in Oncology. 12:1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.7427011111

Prognostic and predictive effect of KRAS gene copy number and mutation status in early stage non-small cell lung cancer patients

Background: In the current analysis, we characterize the prognostic significance of Methods: Clinical and genomic data from the LACE (Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin Evaluation)-Bio consortium was utilized. CNAs were categorized as Gain (CN ≥2) or Neutral (Neut)/Loss; Results: Of the 946 (399 adenocarcinoma) NSCLC patients, 41 [30] had MUT + Gain, 145 [99] MUT + Neut/Loss, 125 [16] WT + Gain, and 635 [254] WT + Neut/Loss. A non-significant trend towards worse lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS; HR =1.34; 95% CI, 0.83-2.17, P=0.232), DFS (HR =1.34; 95% CI, 0.86-2.09, P=0.202) and OS (HR =1.59; 95% CI, 0.99-2.54, P=0.055) was seen in Conclusions: A small prognostic effect o

Systemic Hemodynamics, Renal Function and Hormonal Levels during Inhibition of Neutral Endopeptidase 3.4.24.1 1 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Conscious Dogs with Pacing-Induced Heart Failure

ABSTRACT The systemic hemodynamic, renal and hormonal responses to SQ 28,60